Chemical Reactions

• #Decomposition and Combination Reactions
  • #Decomposition Reactions
    • One reactant breaks down into multiple products
  • #Combination Reactions
    • Multiple reacts combine to form a single product
• #Displacement Reactions
  • #Single Displacement Reactions
    • A more reactive element replaces another from its compound
  • #Double Displacement Reactions
    • Two ions switch places
• #Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
  • #Oxidation Reactions
    • A substance reacts with oxygen
    • A substance reacts with another and loses hydrogen
  • #Reduction Reactions
    • A substance loses oxygen atoms
    • A substance reacts with another and gains hydrogen
  • Redox Reactions
    • Simultaneous oxidation and reduction
• #Neutralization Reactions
  • Reaction between acid and base, forming water and salt
• #Precipitation Reactions
  • Insoluble product in solvent precipitates a solid deposit

• #Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
  • #Endothermic Reactions
    • Temperature decreases (needs heat to proceed)
  • #Exothermic Reactions
    • Temperature increases
• #Reversibility
  • #Irreversible Reactions
    • and
  • #Reversible Reactions
    • Do not proceed to completion

One reactant breaks down/decomposes into multiple products

Multiple reactants combine to form a single product, opposite of decomposition

A more reactive element replaces another from its compound

The displaces the

Two ions switch places

The and exchange places

For every oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction occurs and vice versa

An oxidation reaction is one of the following:

• A substance reacts directly with oxygen, or
• A substance reacts with another and loses hydrogen, or
• A substance looses electrons

reacts with to form sodium oxide

loses hydrogen and just becomes

looses electrons and becomes , so it oxidizes. is known as the reducing agent.

Reverse of an oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction is one of the following:

• A substance loses oxygen atoms, or
• A substance reacts with another and gains hydrogen, or
• A substance gains electrons

loses oxygen and becomes

gains electrons and becomes , so it reduces. is known as the oxidizing agent.

Reactions involving oxidation and reduction are known as redox reactions. Redox reactions involve electron transfer.

• looses electrons and becomes , so it oxidizes (reducing agent)
• gains electrons and becomes , so it reduces (oxidizing agent)

Note that the superscripts are oxidation numbers, not charge.

• , lost 2 electrons, oxidation
• , gained 1 electron, reduction

If a substance is aqueous, it's in its ionic form

A reaction between an acid and base, leading to the formation of water and a salt

(acid) reacts with (base) to form water

Where the product is insoluble in the solvent and precipitates in the form of a solid deposit

Silver nitrate reacts with to form a silver chloride precipitate and sodium nitrate

Temperature increases

Carbon combusts with oxygen and also releases heat energy

Temperature decreases. Can proceed only if heat is supplied to the system.

Mercury (II) oxide absorbs heat from its surroundings

Denoted with or

Denoted with , reversible reactions do not proceed to completion