Stdio and Streams

std::getline

• We can get the entire line with std::getline

std::string line;
std::getlinecin, line;

Note that getline also works for other input streams, such as cout and cerr

stdout

• Output formatting: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iomanip/?kw=iomanip
• You can print out numbers in hex, e.g std::cout << std::hex << 95 << std::endl which will output 5f

stdin

cin

std::string foo, bar;
std::cin >> foo >> bar;

grabs the next two "words" or strings from stdin which are separated by a whitespace character.

Variable Length Input

Options:

• std::cin.eof()
• std::cin.fail() which return true if std::cin.eof() is true OR some other problem occurs
• The shortcut for std::cin.fail() is to check std::cin as a boolean

File Streams

To use, #include <fstream>

• We can connect a stream to a filename: std::ifstream input {"input.txt"};
• Also output stream: std::ofstream output; output.open("output.txt");
• Remember to always close streams when done: myStream.close()

Then we can do something like myFileStream >> "hello!"