Dynamic RAM

• Write:
  • Drive (VDD) or (GND) on
  • Set word line = 1
• Read:
  • Pre-charge to VDD/2
  • Set word line = 1
  • Sense and amplify the voltage change on (which also writes back the value)

Problem: the capacitor slowly discharges, so we need to periodically re-charge it (refreshing)

For example, DDR4 refreshes at ~128 Hz