Asynchronous Sequential Circuits

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Unlike a SCS, and ASC does not involve a clock and therefore no Flip-Flops. However, these are still finite-state machines, and they consist of combinational logic with feedback paths. The feedback creates a memory effect (e.g SR latch).

The General Form of an Asynchronous Sequential Circuit

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where:

  • W: circuit input
  • Q: feedback or current state
  • Z: circuit output

Moore Machine

See Moore machine

Circuit

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Mealy Machine

See Mealy machine

Circuit

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Example Circuits

Example

The RS-NOR latch is an example of an asynchronous sequential circuit if we make some changes:

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Example

The gated D latch rearranged:

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Stable State

Definition

A circuit is in stable state when all internal signals stop changing

Fundamental Mode

Definition

A circuit is in fundamental mode if the following restrictions hold:

  • Only one input is allowed to change at a time
  • The input changes only after the circuit is stable

We assume fundamental mode for our circuits unless stated otherwise.

Modelling Gate Delay

For ASC, we assume gates offer no propagation delay. However, this will be compensated by a hypothetical delay element on the feedback path, allowing us to separate current and next states.

Figure

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SR latch with delay element

Figure

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Gated D latch with delay element